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? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 1 mcp3301 features ? full differential inputs ? 1 lsb max dnl ? 1 lsb max inl (mcp3301-b) ? 2 lsb max inl (mcp3301-c) ? single supply operation: 4.5v to 5.5v ? 100 ksps sampling rate with 5v supply voltage ? 50 na typical standby current, 1 a max ? 450 a max active current at 5v ? industrial temp range: -40c to +85c ? 8-pin msop, pdip, and soic packages ? mixed signal pictail? demo board (p/n: mxsigdm) compatible applications ? remote sensors ? battery-operated systems ? transducer interface functional block diagram general description the mcp3301 13-bit a/d converter features full differential inputs and low power consumption in a small package that is ideal for battery-powered systems and remote data acquisition applications. incorporating a successive approximation architecture with on-board sample and hold circuitry, the 13-bit a/d converter is specified to have 1 lsb differential non- linearity (dnl) and 1 lsb integral nonlinearity (inl) for b-grade devices and 2 lsb for c-grade devices. the industry-standard spi serial interface enables 13- bit a/d converter capability to be added to any pic ? microcontroller. the mcp3301 features a low current design that permits operation with typical standby and active currents of only 50 na and 300 a, respectively. the device is capable of conversion rates of up to 100 ksps with tested specifications over a 4.5v to 5.5v supply range. the reference voltage can be varied from 400 mv to 5v, yielding input-referred resolution between 98 v and 1.22 mv. the mcp3301 is available in 8-pin pdip, 150 mil soic, and msop packages. the full differential inputs of this device enable a wide variety of signals to be used in applications such as remote data acquisition, portable instrumentation, and battery-operated applications. package types comparator 13-bit sar cdac control logic cs /shdn v ref v ss v dd clk d out shift register in+ in- + - & hold circuits sample msop, pdip, soic v dd cs /shdn mcp3301 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 clk v ref in(+) in(-) v ss d out 13-bit differential input, low power a/d converter with spi serial interface
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 2 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 3 mcp3301 1.0 electrical characteristics maximum ratings* v dd ........................................................................ 7.0v all inputs and outputs w.r.t. v ss .....-0.3v to v dd +0.3v storage temperature .......................... -65c to +150c ambient temp. with power applied ..... -65c to +125c maximum junction temperature ....................... 150c esd protection on all pins (hbm) ????????????????????????? ? 4kv *notice: stresses above those listed under ?maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this s pecification is not implied. exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. electrical specifications electrical characteristics: unless otherwise noted, all parameters apply at v dd = 5v, v ss = 0v, and v ref = 5v. full differential input configuration ( figure 1-5 ) with fixed common mode voltage of 2.5v. all parameters apply over temperature with t amb = -40c to +85c ( note 7 ) . conversion speed ( f sample) is 100 ksps with f clk = 17* f sample parameter symbol min typ max units conditions conversion rate maximum sampling frequency f sample ? ? 100 ksps see f clk specifications ( note 8 ) conversion time t conv 13 clk periods acquisition time t acq 1.5 clk periods dc accuracy resolution 12 data bits + sign bits integral nonlinearity inl ? ? 0.5 1 1 2 lsb mcp3301-b mcp3301-c differential nonlinearity dnl ? 0.5 1 lsb monotonic with no missing codes over temperature positive gain error -3 -0.75 +2 lsb negative gain error -3 -0.5 +2 lsb offset error -3 +3 +6 lsb dynamic performance total harmonic distortion thd ? -91 ? db note 3 signal to noise and distortion sinad ? 78 ? db note 3 spurious free dynamic range sfdr ? 92 ? db note 3 common-mode rejection cmrr ? 79 ? db note 6 power supply rejection psr ? 74 ? db note 4 note 1: this specification is es tablished by characterization and not 100% tested. 2: see characterization graphs that re late converter performance to v ref level. 3: v in = 0.1v to 4.9v @ 1 khz. 4: v dd = 5v dc 500 mv p-p @ 1 khz, see test circuit figure 1-4 . 5: maximum clock frequency specification must be met. 6: v ref = 400 mv, v in = 0.1v to 4.9v @ 1 khz 7: msop devices are only specified at 25c and +85c. 8: for slow sample rates, see section 5.2.1 ?maintaining minimum clock speed? for limitations on clock frequency. 9: 4.5v - 5.5v is the supply voltage range for specified performance
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 4 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. reference input voltage range 0.4 ? v dd v note 2 current drain ? ? 100 0.001 150 3 a a cs = v dd = 5v analog inputs full-scale input span in(+)-in(-) -v ref ?v ref v absolute input voltage in(+) -0.3 ? v dd + 0.3 v in(-) -0.3 ? v dd + 0.3 v leakage current ? 0.001 1 a switch resistance r s ?1 ? k ? see figure 5-3 sample capacitor c sample ? 25 ? pf see figure 5-3 digital input/output data coding format binary two?s complement high level input voltage v ih 0.7 v dd ??v low level input voltage v il ? ? 0.3 v dd v high level output voltage v oh 4.1 ? ? v i oh = -1 ma, v dd = 4.5v low level output voltage v ol ?? 0.4 vi ol = 1 ma, v dd = 4.5v input leakage current i li -10 ? 10 a v in = v ss or v dd output leakage current i lo -10 ? 10 a v out = v ss or v dd pin capacitance c in , c out ? ? 10 pf t amb = 25 c, f = 1 mhz, note 1 timing specifications clock frequency (note 8) f clk 0.085 ? 1.7 mhz v dd = 5v, f sample = 100 ksps clock high time t hi 275 ? ? ns note 5 clock low time t lo 275 ? ? ns note 5 cs fall to first rising clk edge t sucs 100 ? ? ns clk fall to output data valid t do ? ? 125 200 ns ns v dd = 5v, see figure 1-2 v dd = 2.7v, see figure 1-2 clk fall to output enable t en ? ? 125 200 ns ns v dd = 5v, see figure 1-2 v dd = 2.7v, see figure 1-2 cs rise to output disable t dis ? ? 100 ns see test circuits, figure 1-2 ; note 1 cs disable time t csh 580 ? ? ns d out rise time t r ? ? 100 ns see test circuits, figure 1-2 ; note 1 d out fall time t f ? ? 100 ns see test circuits, figure 1-2 ; note 1 electrical specifications (continued) electrical characteristics: unless otherwise noted, all parameters apply at v dd = 5v, v ss = 0v, and v ref = 5v. full differential input configuration ( figure 1-5 ) with fixed common mode voltage of 2.5v. all parameters apply over temperature with t amb = -40c to +85c ( note 7 ) . conversion speed ( f sample) is 100 ksps with f clk = 17* f sample parameter symbol min typ max units conditions note 1: this specification is established by characterization and not 100% tested. 2: see characterization graphs that re late converter performance to v ref level. 3: v in = 0.1v to 4.9v @ 1 khz. 4: v dd = 5v dc 500 mv p-p @ 1 khz, see test circuit figure 1-4 . 5: maximum clock frequency specification must be met. 6: v ref = 400 mv, v in = 0.1v to 4.9v @ 1 khz 7: msop devices are only specified at 25c and +85c. 8: for slow sample rates, see section 5.2.1 ?maintaining minimum clock speed? for limitations on clock frequency. 9: 4.5v - 5.5v is the supply voltage range for specified performance
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 5 mcp3301 . figure 1-1: timing parameters. power requirements operating voltage v dd 4.5 ? 5.5 v note 9 operating current i dd ? ? 300 200 450 ? a v dd , v ref = 5v, d out unloaded v dd , v ref = 2.7v, d out unloaded standby current i dds ?0.05 1 acs = v dd = 5.0v temperature ranges specified temperature range t a -40 ? +85 c operating temperature range t a -40 ? +85 c storage temperature range t a -65 ? +150 c thermal package resistance thermal resistance, 8l-msop ? ja ? 206 ? c/w thermal resistance, 8l-pdip ? ja ?85 ?c/w thermal resistance, 8l-soic ? ja ? 163 ? c/w electrical specifica tions (continued) electrical characteristics: unless otherwise noted, all parameters apply at v dd = 5v, v ss = 0v, and v ref = 5v. full differential input configuration ( figure 1-5 ) with fixed common mode voltage of 2.5v. all parameters apply over temperature with t amb = -40c to +85c ( note 7 ) . conversion speed ( f sample) is 100 ksps with f clk = 17* f sample parameter symbol min typ max units conditions note 1: this specification is es tablished by characterization and not 100% tested. 2: see characterization graphs that re late converter performance to v ref level. 3: v in = 0.1v to 4.9v @ 1 khz. 4: v dd = 5v dc 500 mv p-p @ 1 khz, see test circuit figure 1-4 . 5: maximum clock frequency specification must be met. 6: v ref = 400 mv, v in = 0.1v to 4.9v @ 1 khz 7: msop devices are only specified at 25c and +85c. 8: for slow sample rates, see section 5.2.1 ?maintaining minimum clock speed? for limitations on clock frequency. 9: 4.5v - 5.5v is the supply voltage range for specified performance cs clk t sucs t csh t hi t lo d out t en t do t r t f lsb sign bit t dis null bit hi-z hi-z
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 6 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 1.1 test circuits figure 1-2: load circuit for t r , t f , t do. figure 1-3: load circuit for t dis and t en . figure 1-4: power supply sensitivity test circuit (psrr). figure 1-5: full differential test configuration example. figure 1-6: pseudo differential test configuration example. te s t p o i n t 1.4v d out 3k ? c l = 100 pf mcp3301 * waveform 1 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is high, unless disabled by the output control. ? waveform 2 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is low, unless disabled by the output control. v ih t dis cs d out waveform 1 * d out waveform 2 ? 90% 10% voltage waveforms for t dis te s t p o i n t d out 3k ? 100 pf t dis waveform 2 t dis waveform 1 t en waveform v dd v dd /2 v ss mcp3301 2.63v - + 1k ? 5v 500 mvp-p 5v p-p 1k ? 20 k ? to v dd on dut 1k ? 1/2 mcp602 v dd = 5v 0.1 f in(+) in(-) mcp3301 5v p-p v ref = 5v 5v p-p v cm = 2.5v 1f 0.1 f v ref v dd v ss 0.1 f in(+) in(-) mcp3301 v dd =5v v cm =2.5v 5v p-p v ref =2.5v 1f 0.1 f v ref v dd v ss
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 7 mcp3301 2.0 typical performance curves note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = v ref = 5v, full differential input configuration, v ss = 0v, f sample = 100 ksps, f clk = 17*f sample , t a = 25c. figure 2-1: integral nonlinearity (inl) vs. sample rate. figure 2-2: integral nonlinearity (inl) vs. v ref. figure 2-3: integral nonlinearity (inl) vs. code (representative part). figure 2-4: integral nonlinearity (inl) vs. temperature. figure 2-5: differential nonlinearity (dnl) vs. sample rate. figure 2-6: differential nonlinearity (dnl) vs. v ref . note: the graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. the performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. in some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 50 100 150 200 sample rate (ksps) inl(lsb) positive inl negative inl -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 012345 v ref (v) inl (lsb) positive inl negative inl -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 -4096 -3072 -2048 -1024 0 1024 2048 3072 4096 code inl(lsb) -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 temperature(c) inl(lsb) positive inl negative inl -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 50 100 150 200 sample rate(ksps) dnl (lsb) positive inl negative inl -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0123456 v ref (v) dnl (lsb) positive inl negative inl
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 8 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = v ref = 5v, full differential input configuration, v ss = 0v, f sample = 100 ksps, f clk = 17*f sample , t a = 25c. figure 2-7: differential nonlinearity (dnl) vs. code (representative part). figure 2-8: differential nonlinearity (dnl) vs. temperature. figure 2-9: positive gain error vs. v ref . figure 2-10: offset error vs. v ref . figure 2-11: positive gain error vs. temperature. figure 2-12: signal to noise ratio (snr) vs. input frequency. -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 -4096 -3072 -2048 -1024 0 1024 2048 3072 4096 code dnl(lsb) -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -50 0 50 100 150 temperature (c) dnl error (lsb) positive dnl negative dnl 0 1 2 3 4 5 i tive gain error (lsb) -2 -1 0 0123456 pos i v ref (v) 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 o ffset error (lsb) 0 2 4 6 0123456 o v ref (v) -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 s itive gain error (lsb) -1.8 -1.6 -1.4 -50 0 50 100 150 po s temperature (c) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 snr (db) 0 10 20 30 1 10 100 input frequency (khz)
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 9 mcp3301 note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = v ref = 5v, full differential input configuration, v ss = 0v, f sample = 100 ksps, f clk = 17*f sample , t a = 25c. figure 2-13: total harmonic distortion (thd) vs. input frequency. figure 2-14: offset error vs. temperature. figure 2-15: signal to noise and distortion (sinad) vs. input frequency. figure 2-16: signal to noise and distortion (sinad) vs. input signal level. figure 2-17: effective number of bits (enob) vs. v ref . figure 2-18: spurious free dynamic range (sfdr) vs. input frequency. - 70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 thd (db) -100 -90 -80 - 70 1 10 100 input frequency (khz) 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 o ffset error (lsb) 0 0.5 1 -50 0 50 100 150 o temperature (c) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 sinad (db) 0 10 20 1 10 100 input frequency (khz) 30 40 50 60 70 80 sinad (db) 0 10 20 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 input signal level (db) 9 10 11 12 13 enob (rms) 7 8 0123456 v ref (v) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 sfdr (db) 0 10 20 30 1 10 100 input frequency (khz)
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 10 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = v ref = 5v, full differential input configuration, v ss = 0v, f sample = 100 ksps, f clk = 17*f sample , t a = 25c. figure 2-19: frequency spectrum of 10 khz input (representative part). figure 2-20: effective number of bits (enob) vs. input frequency. figure 2-21: power supply rejection (psr) vs. ripple frequency. a 0.1 f bypass capacitor is connected to the v dd pin. figure 2-22: i dd vs. v dd . figure 2-23: i dd vs. sample rate. figure 2-24: i dd vs. temperature. -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 frequency (hz) amplitude (db) 11.8 12 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13 enob (rms) 11.2 11.4 11.6 1 10 100 input frequency (khz) - 65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 psr(db) -80 -75 -70 - 65 1 10 100 1000 10000 ripple frequency (khz) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 22.533.544.555.56 v dd (v) i dd (a) 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 i dd (a) 0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200 sample rate (ksps) 310 315 320 325 330 335 340 345 i dd (a) 295 300 305 310 -50 0 50 100 150 temperature (c)
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 11 mcp3301 note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = v ref = 5v, full differential input configuration, v ss = 0v, f sample = 100 ksps, f clk = 17*f sample , t a = 25c. figure 2-25: i ref vs. v dd . figure 2-26: i ref vs. sample rate. figure 2-27: i ref vs. temperature. figure 2-28: i dds vs. v dd . figure 2-29: i dds vs. temperature. figure 2-30: negative gain error vs. reference voltage. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 22.533.544.555.56 v dd (v) i ref (a) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 i ref (a) 0 10 20 30 0 50 100 150 200 sample rate (ksps) 72 4 72.6 72.8 73 73.2 73.4 73.6 73.8 i ref (a) 71.8 72 72.2 72 . 4 -50 0 50 100 150 temperature (c) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 22.533.544.555.56 v dd (v) i dds (pa) 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -50-25 0 255075100 temperature (c) i dds (na) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a tive gain error (lsb) -1 0 1 0123456 neg a v ref (v)
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 12 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = v ref = 5v, full differential input configuration, v ss = 0v, f sample = 100 ksps, f clk = 17*f sample , t a = 25c. figure 2-31: negative gain error vs. temperature. figure 2-32: common mode rejection vs. frequency. 04 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 a tive gain error (lsb) -1 -0.8 -0.6 - 0 . 4 -50 0 50 100 150 neg a temperature (c) 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 1 10 100 1000 input frequency (khz) common mode rejection ration(db)
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 13 mcp3301 3.0 pin descriptions the descriptions of the pins are listed in tab l e 3 - 1 . table 3-1: pin function table 3.1 voltage reference (v ref ) this input pin provides the reference voltage for the device, which determines the maximum range of the analog input signal and the lsb size. the lsb size is determined by the equation shown below. as the reference input is reduced, the lsb size is reduced accordingly. equation when using an external voltage reference device, the system designer should always refer to the manufacturer?s recommendations for circuit layout. any instability in the operation of the reference device will have a direct effect on the accuracy of the adc conversion results. 3.2 positive analog input (in+) this pin has an absolute voltage range of v ss -0.3v to v dd +0.3v. the full scale input range is defined as the absolute value of (in+) - (in-). 3.3 negative analog input (in-) this pin has an absolute voltage range of v ss -0.3v to v dd +0.3v. the full scale input range is defined as the absolute value of (in+) - (in-). 3.4 ground connection (v ss ) if an analog ground plane is available, it is recommended that this device be tied to the analog ground plane in the circuit. see section 5.6 ?layout considerations? , for more information regarding circuit layout. 3.5 chip select /shutdown (cs /shdn) the cs /shdn pin is used to initiate communication with the device when pulled low. this pin will end a conversion and put the device in low power standby when pulled high. the cs /shdn pin must be pulled high between conversions and cannot be tied low for multiple conversions. see figure 6-2 for serial communication protocol. 3.6 serial data output (d out ) the spi serial data output pin is used to shift out the results of the a/d conversion. data will always change on the falling edge of each clock as the conversion takes place. see figure 6-2 for serial communication protocol. 3.7 serial clock (clk) the spi clock pin is used to initiate a conversion, as well as to clock out each bit of the conversion as it takes place. see section 5.2 ?driving the analog input? for constraints on clock speed, and figure 6-2 for serial communication protocol. 3.8 power supply (v dd ) the device can operate from 2.7v to 5.5v, but the performance is applicable from a 4.5v to 5.5v supply range. to ensure accuracy, a 0.1 f ceramic bypass capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the pin. see section 5.6 ?layout considerations? for more information regarding circuit layout. msop, pdip, soic name function 1v ref reference voltage input 2 in(+) positive analog input 3 in(-) negative analog input 4v ss ground 5cs /shdn chip select / shutdown input 6d out serial data out 7 clk serial clock 8v dd +4.5v to 5.5v power supply lsb size = 2 x v ref 8192
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 14 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 15 mcp3301 4.0 definition of terms bipolar operation - this applies to either a differential or single-ended input configuration, where both positive and negative codes are output from the a/d converter. full bipolar range includes all 8192 codes. for bipolar operation on a single-ended input signal, the a/d converter must be configured to operate in pseudo differential mode. unipolar operation - this applies to either a single- ended or differential input signal where only one side of the device transfer is being used. this could be either the positive or negative side, depending on which input (in+ or in-) is being used for the dc bias. full unipolar operation is equivalent to a 12-bit converter. full differential operation - applying a full differential signal to both the in(+) and in(-) inputs is referred to as full differential operation . this configuration is described in figure 1-5 . pseudo-differential operation - applying a single- ended signal to only one of the input channels with a bipolar output is referred to as pseudo differential operation . to obtain a bipolar output from a single- ended input signal the inverting input of the a/d converter must be biased above v ss . this operation is described in figure 1-6 . integral nonlinearity - the maximum deviation from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the bipolar transfer function is defined as the maximum integral nonlinearity error. the endpoints of the transfer function are a point 1/2 lsb above the first code transition (0x1000) and 1/2 lsb below the last code transition (0x0fff). differential nonlinearity - the difference between two measured adjacent code transitions and the 1 lsb ideal is defined as differential nonlinearity . positive gain error - this is the deviation between the last positive code transition (0x0fff) and the ideal voltage level of v ref -1/2 lsb, after the bipolar offset error has been adjusted out. negative gain error - this is the deviation between the last negative code transition (0x1000) and the ideal voltage level of -v ref -1/2 lsb, after the bipolar offset error has been adjusted out. offset error - this is the deviation between the first positive code transition (0x0001) and the ideal 1/2 lsb voltage level. acquisition time - the acquisition time is defined as the time during which the internal sample capacitor is charging. this occurs for 1.5 clock cycles of the external clk as defined in figure 6-2 . conversion time - the conversion time occurs immediately after the acquisition time . during this time, successive approximation of the input signal occurs as the 13-bit result is being calculated by the internal circuitry. this occurs for 13 clock cycles of the external clk as defined in figure 6-2 . signal to noise ratio - signal to noise ratio (snr) is defined as the ratio of the signal to noise measured at the output of the converter. the signal is defined as the rms amplitude of the fundamental frequency of the input signal. the noise value is dependant on the device noise as well as the quantization error of the converter and is directly affected by the number of bits in the converter. the theoretical signal to noise ratio limit based on quantization error only for an n-bit converter is defined as: equation for a 13-bit converter, the theoretical snr limit is 80.02 db. total harmonic distortion - total harmonic distortion (thd) is the ratio of the rms sum of the harmonics to the fundamental, measured at the output of the converter. for the mcp3301, it is defined using the first 9 harmonics, as shown in the following equation: equation here v 1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental and v 2 through v 9 are the rms amplitudes of the second through ninth harmonics. signal-to-noise plus distortion (sinad) - numeri- cally defined, sinad is the calculated combination of snr and thd. this number represents the dynamic performance of the converter, including any harmonic distortion. equation effective number of bits - effective number of bits (enob) states the relative performance of the adc in terms of its resolution. this term is directly related to sinad by the following equation: equation for sinad performance of 78 db, the effective number of bits is 12.66. spurious free dynamic range - spurious free dynamic range (sfdr) is the ratio of the rms value of the fundamental to the next largest component in the output spectrum of the adc. this is, typically, the first harmonic, but could also be a noise peak. snr 6.02 n 1.76 + ?? db = thd(-db) 20 log ? v 2 2 v 3 2 v 4 2 ..... v 8 2 v 9 2 +++ ++ v 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - = sinad (db) 20 log 10 snr 10 ? ?? 10 thd 10 ? ?? ? + = enob n ?? sinad 1.76 ? 6.02 ----------------------------------- - =
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 16 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 17 mcp3301 5.0 applications information 5.1 conversion description the mcp3301mcp3301 a/d converter employs a con- ventional sar architecture. with this architecture, the potential between the in+ and in- inputs are simultaneously sampled and stored with the internal sample circuits for 1.5 clock cycles (t acq ). following this sample time, the input hold switches of the converter open and the device uses the collected charge to produce a serial 13-bit binary two?s complement output code. this conversion process is driven by the external clock and must include 13 clock cycles, one for each bit. during this process, the most significant bit (msb) is output first. this bit is the sign bit and indicates whether the in+ input or the in- input is at a higher potential. figure 5-1: simplified block diagram. 5.2 driving the analog input the analog input of the mcp3301 is easily driven either differentially or single-ended. any signal that is common to the two input channels will be rejected by the common mode rejection of the device. during the charging time of the sample capacitor, a small charging current will be required. for low source impedances, this input can be driven directly. for larger source impedances, a larger acquisition time will be required, due to the rc time constant that includes the source impedance. for the a/d converter to meet specifica- tion, the charge holding capacitor (c sample ) must be given enough time to acquire a 13-bit accurate voltage level during the 1.5 clock cycle acquisition period. an analog input model is shown in figure 5-3 . this model is accurate for an analog input, regardless of whether it is configured as a single-ended input or the in+ and in- input in differential mode. in this diagram, it is shown that the source impedance (r s ) adds to the internal sampling switch (r ss ) impedance, directly affecting the time that is required to charge the capaci- tor (c sample ). consequently, a larger source imped- ance with no additional acquisition time increases the offset, gain, and integral linearity errors of the conver- sion. to overcome this, a slower clock speed can be used to allow for the longer charging time. figure 5-2 shows the maximum clock speed associated with source impedances. figure 5-2: maximum clock frequency vs. source resistance (r s ) to maintain 1 lsb inl. shift register comp 13-bit sar cdac in+ in- c samp hold + - hold c samp d out 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 100 1000 10000 100000 input resistance (ohms) max clock frequency (mhz)
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 18 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 5-3: analog input model. 5.2.1 maintaining minimum clock speed when the mcp3301 initiates, charge is stored on the sample capacitor. when the sample period is complete, the device converts one bit for each clock that is received. it is important for the user to note that a slow clock rate will allow charge to bleed off the sample capacitor while the conversion is taking place. for mcp3301 devices, the recommended minimum clock speed during the conversion cycle (t conv ) is 85 khz. failure to meet this criteria may introduce linearity errors into the conversion outside the rated specifica- tions. it should be noted that, during the entire conver- sion cycle, the a/d converter does not have requirements for clock speed or duty cycle, as long as all timing specifications are met. 5.3 biasing solutions for pseudo-differential bipolar operation, the biasing circuit shown in figure 5-4 shows a single-ended input ac coupled to the converter. this configuration will give a digital output range of -4096 to +4095. with the 2.5v reference, the lsb size is equal to 610 v. although the adc is not production tested with a 2.5v reference as shown, linearity will not change more than 0.1 lsb. see figure 2-2 and figure 2-6 for inl and dnl errors versus v ref at v dd = 5v. a trade-off exists between the high-pass corner and the acquisition time. the value of c will need to be quite large in order to bring down the high-pass corner. the value of r needs to be 1 k ? or less, since higher input impedances require additional acquisition time. using the values in figure 5-4 , we have a 100 hz cor- ner frequency. see figure 5-2 for the relationship between input impedance and acquisition time. figure 5-4: pseudo-differential biasing circuit for bipolar operation. c pin va r s chx 7pf v t = 0.6v v t = 0.6v i leakage sampling switch ss r ss = 1 k ? c sample = dac capacitance v ss v dd = 25 pf 1 na legend va = signal source r s = source impedance chx = input channel pad c pin = input pin capacitance v t = threshold voltage i leakage = leakage current at the pin due to various junctions ss = sampling switch r ss = sampling switch resistor c sample = sample/hold capacitance v dd = 5v 0.1 f in+ in- v ref mcp3301 1f mcp1525 v in v out 0.1 f 1k ? 10 f v in r c
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 19 mcp3301 using an external operational amplifier on the input allows for gain and buffers the input signal from the input to the adc, allowing for a higher source impedance. this circuit is shown in figure 5-5 . figure 5-5: adding an amplifier allows for gain and also buffers the input from any high impedance sources. this circuit shows that some headroom will be lost due to the amplifier output not being able to swing all the way to the rail. an example would be for an output swing of 0v to 5v. this limitation can be overcome by supplying a v ref that is slightly less than the common mode voltage. using a 2.048v reference for the a/d converter, while biasing the input signal at 2.5v solves the problem. this circuit is shown in figure 5-6 . figure 5-6: circuit solution to overcome amplifier output swing limitation. 5.4 common mode input range the common mode input range has no restriction and is equal to the absolute input voltage range: v ss -0.3v to v dd + 0.3v. however, for a given v ref , the common mode voltage has a limited swing if the entire range of the a/d converter is to be used. figure 5-7 and figure 5-8 show the relationship between v ref and the common mode voltage. a smaller v ref allows for wider flexibility in a common mode voltage. v ref levels, down to 400 mv, exhibit less than 0.1 lsb change in inl and dnl. for characterization graphs that show this performance relationship, see figure 2-2 and figure 2-6 . figure 5-7: common mode range of full differential input signal versus v ref . figure 5-8: common mode range versus v ref for pseudo differential input. v dd = 5v - + 0.1 f mcp6022 in+ in- v ref mcp3301 1f mcp1525 v in v out 0.1 f 1k ? 10 k ? 1m ? 1f v in 1m ? 2.048v v dd = 5v - + 0.1 f mcp606 in+ in- v ref mcp3301 1f mcp1525 v in v out 0.1 f 1k ? 10 k ? 1f v in 10 k ? v ref (v) 0.25 v dd = 5v 5.0 1.0 2.5 4.0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4.05v 2.8v 2.3v 0.95v common mode range (v) v ref (v) 0.25 v dd = 5v 2.5 0.5 1.25 2.0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4.05v 2.8v 2.3v 0.95v common mode range (v)
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 20 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 5.5 buffering/filtering the analog inputs inaccurate conversion results may occur if the signal source for the a/d converter is not a low impedance source. buffering the input will solve the impedance issue. it is also recommended that an analog filter be used to eliminate any signals that may be aliased back into the conversion results. using an op amp to drive the analog input of the mcp3301 is illustrated in figure 5-9 . this amplifier provides a low impedance source for the converter input and low pass filter, which eliminates unwanted high frequency noise. values shown are for a 10 hz butterworth low pass filter. low pass (anti-aliasing) filters can be designed using microchip?s interactive filterlab ? software. filterlab will calculate capacitor and resistor values as well as determine the number of poles that are required for the application. for more information on filtering signals, see an-699 ?anti-aliasing analog filters for data acquisition systems ?. figure 5-9: the mcp601 operational amplifier is used to implement a 2nd order anti- aliasing filter for the signal being converted by the mcp3301. 5.6 layout considerations when laying out a printed circuit board for use with analog components, care should be taken to reduce noise wherever possible. a bypass capacitor from v dd to ground should always be used with this device and should be placed as close as possible to the device pin. a bypass capacitor value of 0.1 f is recommended. digital and analog traces should be separated as much as possible on the board with no traces running underneath the device or bypass capacitor. extra precautions should be taken to keep traces with high frequency signals (such as clock lines) as far as possible from analog traces. use of an analog ground plane is recommended in order to keep the ground potential the same for all devices on the board. providing v dd connections to devices in a ?star? configuration can also reduce noise by eliminating current return paths and associated errors ( figure 5-10 ). for more information on layout tips when using the mcp3301 or other adc devices, refer to an-688 ?layout tips for 12-bit a/d converter applications? . figure 5-10: v dd traces arranged in a ?star? configuration in order to reduce errors caused by current return paths.mcp3301 mcp3301 v dd 10 f in- in+ - + v in 2.2 f 1f v ref 4.096v reference 0.1 f 1f 0.1 f mcp601 7.86 k ? 14.6 k ? mcp1541 c l v dd connection device 1 device 2 device 3 device 4
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 21 mcp3301 6.0 serial communications 6.1 output code format the output code format is a binary two?s complement scheme with a leading sign bit that indicates the sign of the output. if the in+ input is higher than the in- input, the sign bit will be a zero. if the in- input is higher, the sign bit will be a ? 1 ?. the diagram shown in figure 6-1 shows the output code transfer function. in this diagram, the horizontal axis is the analog input voltage and the vertical axis is the output code of the adc. it shows that when in+ is equal to in-, both the sign bit and the data word are zero. as in+ gets larger, with respect to in-, the sign bit is a zero and the data word gets larger. the full scale output code is reached at +4095 when the input [(in+) - (in-)] reaches v ref - 1 lsb. when in- is larger than in+, the two?s complement output codes will be seen with the sign bit being a one. some examples of analog input levels and corresponding output codes are shown in table 6-1 . table 6-1: binary two?s compleme nt output code examples. analog input levels sign bit binary data decimal data full scale positive (in+)-(in-) = v ref -1 lsb 0 1111 1111 1111 +4095 (in+)-(in-) = v ref -2 lsb 0 1111 1111 1110 +4094 in+ = (in-) +2 lsb 0 0000 0000 0010 +2 in+ = (in-) +1 lsb 0 0000 0000 0001 +1 in+ = in- 0 0000 0000 0000 0 in+ = (in-) - 1 lsb 1 1111 1111 1111 -1 in+ = (in-) - 2 lsb 1 1111 1111 1110 -2 in + - in - = v ref +1 lsb 1 0000 0000 0001 -4095 full scale negative in + - in - = -v ref 1 0000 0000 0000 -4096
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 22 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. figure 6-1: output code transfer function. in+ > in- in+ < in- 0 + 0000 0000 0001 (+1) 0 + 0000 0000 0010 (+2) 0 + 0000 0000 0011 (+3) 1 + 1111 1111 1101 (-3) 1 + 1111 1111 1110 (-2) 1 + 1111 1111 1111 (-1) 0 + 1111 1111 1110 (+4094) 0 + 1111 1111 1111 (+4095) 1 + 0000 0000 0000 (-4096) 1 + 0000 0000 0001 (-4095) output code 0 + 0000 0000 0000 (0) v ref -v ref positive full scale output = v ref -1 lsb negative full scale output = -v ref analog input in+ - in- voltage
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 23 mcp3301 6.2 communicating with the mcp3301 communication with the device is completed using a standard spi compatible serial interface. initiating com- munication with the mcp3301 begins with the cs going low. if the device was powered up with the cs pin low, it must be brought high and back low to initiate communication. the device will begin to sample the analog input on the first rising edge of clk after cs goes low. the sample period will end in the falling edge of the second clock, at which time the device will output a low null bit. the next 13 clocks will output the result of the conversion with the sign bit first, followed by the 12 remaining data bits, as shown in figure 6-2 . data is always output from the device on the falling edge of the clock. if all 13 data bits have been transmitted and the device continues to receive clocks while the cs is held low, the device will output the conversion result lsb first, as shown in figure 6-3 . if more clocks are provided to the device while cs is still low (after the lsb first data has been transmitted), the device will clock out zeros indefinitely. figure 6-2: communication with mcp3301 (msb first format). figure 6-3: communication with mcp3301 (lsb first format). cs clk d out t sample power down t sucs t acq t conv t data ** * after completing the data transfer, if further clocks are applied with cs low, the adc will output lsb first data, followed by zeros indefinitely. see figure 6-2 below. ** t data : during this time, the bias current and the compar ator power down and the re ference input becomes a high impedance node, leaving the clk running to clock out the lsb-first data or zeros. t csh null bit b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 * hi-z hi-z null bit sb b11 b10 b9 sb cs clk d out t sample power down t sucs t acq t conv t data ** * after completing the data transfer, if further clocks are applied with cs low, the adc will output zeros indefi- nitely. ** t data : during this time, the bias current and the compar ator power down and the reference input becomes a high impedance node, leaving the clk running to clock out the lsb-first data or zeros. t csh null bit b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 hi-z b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 sb * hi-z sb b11
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 24 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 6.3 using the mcp3301 with microcontroller (mcu) spi ports with most microcontroller spi ports, it is required to clock out eight bits at a time. using a hardware spi port with the mcp3301 is very easy because each conver- sion requires 16 clocks. for example, figure 6-4 and figure 6-5 show how the mcp3301 can be interfaced to a microcontroller with a standard spi port. since the mcp3301 always clocks data out on the falling edge of clock, the mcu spi port must be configured to match this operation. spi mode 0,0 (clock idles low) and spi mode 1,1 (clock idles high) are both compatible with the mcp3301. figure 6-4 depicts the operation shown in spi mode 0,0, which requires that the clk from the microcontroller idles in the ?low? state. as shown in the diagram, the sign bit is clocked out of the adc on the falling edge of the third clock pulse, followed by the remaining 12 data bits (msb first). once the first eight clocks have been sent to the device, the microcon- troller?s receive buffer will contain two unknown bits (for the first two clocks, the output is high impedance), followed by the null bit, the sign bit and the highest order four bits of the conversion. after the second eight clocks have been sent to the device, the mcu receive register will contain the lowest order 8 data bits. notice that, on the falling edge of clock 16, the adc has begun to shift out lsb first data. figure 6-5 shows the same scenario in spi mode 1,1, which requires that the clock idles in the high state. as with mode 0,0, the adc outputs data on the falling edge of the clock and the mcu latches data from the adc in on the rising edge of the clock. figure 6-4: spi communication with the mcp3301 using 8-bit segments (mode 0,0: sclk idles low). figure 6-5: spi communication with the mcp3301 using 8-bit segments (mode 1,1: sclk idles high). lsb first data begins to come out cs clk 9101112 13 14 15 16 d out null bit sb b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 hi-z b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 sb b11 b10 b9 ??0 mcu latches data from adc data is clocked out of adc on falling edges on rising edges of sclk 12345678 hi-z b0 b0 b1 data stored into mcu receive register after transmission of first 8 bits data stored into mcu receive register after transmission of second 8 bits x = don?t care bits ? = unknown bits cs clk 91011121314 16 d out null bit sb b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 hi-z b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 sb b11 b10 b9 ??0 mcu latches data from adc data is clocked out of adc on falling edges on rising edges of sclk 1234 567 8 b0 b0 lsb first data begins to come out hi-z data stored into mcu receive register after transmission of first 8 bits data stored into mcu receive register after transmission of second 8 bits 15 x = don?t care bits ? = unknown bits
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 25 mcp3301 notes:
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 26 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. 7.0 packaging information 7.1 package marking information legend: xx...x customer-specific information y year code (last digit of calendar year) yy year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) ww week code (week of january 1 is week ?01?) nnn alphanumeric traceability code pb-free jedec designator for matte tin (sn) * this package is pb-free. the pb-free jedec designator ( ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. note : in the event the full microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 3 e 3 e xxxxxx xxxxnnn yyww 8-lead pdip (300 mil) example : 8-lead soic (150 mil) example : xxxxxxxx xxxxyyww 3301 -b i/p 256 1112 3301-bi 256 8-lead msop example : xxxxxx ywwnnn 3301 ci 112256 nnn 3 e sn 1112 3 e
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 27 mcp3301 d n e e1 note 1 1 2 e b a a1 a2 c l1 l
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 28 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 29 mcp3301 n e1 note 1 d 12 3 a a1 a2 l b1 b e e eb c
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 30 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 31 mcp3301 note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 32 ? 2011 microchip technology inc.
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 33 mcp3301 appendix a: revision history revision d (april 2011) the following is the list of modifications: 1. updated the content to illustrate that the devices now have tested specifications in the 4.5v to 5.5v supply range. 2. removed figures 2-4 to 2-6, 2-10 to 2-12, 2-16 and 2-17. revision c (january 2007) this revision includes updates to the packaging diagrams. revision b (february 2002) undocumented changes. revision a (december 2001) original release of this document.
mcp3301 ds21700d-page 34 ? 2011 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 35 mcp3301 product identification system to order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, contact the local microchip sales office. part no. x /xx package temperature range device device: mcp3301: 13-bit serial a/d converter MCP3301T: 13-bit serial a/d converter (tape and reel) grade: b = 1 lsb inl c=2lsb inl temperature range: i = -40c to +85c package: ms = plastic msop, 8-lead p = plastic dip (300 mil body), 8-lead sn = plastic soic (150 mil body), 8-lead examples: a) mcp3301-bi/p: 1 lsb inl, industrial temperature, pdip package b) mcp3301-bi/sn: 1 lsb inl, industrial temperature, soic package c) mcp3301-ci/ms: 2 lsb inl, industrial temperature, msop package x grade
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 36 mcp3301 notes:
? 2011 microchip technology inc. ds21700d-page 37 information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. it is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. microchip makes no representations or warranties of any kind whether express or implied, written or oral, statutory or otherwise, related to the information, including but not limited to its condition, quality, performance, merchantability or fitness for purpose . microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. use of microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer?s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. no licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any microchip intellectual property rights. trademarks the microchip name and logo, the microchip logo, dspic, k ee l oq , k ee l oq logo, mplab, pic, picmicro, picstart, pic 32 logo, rfpic and uni/o are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. filterlab, hampshire, hi-tech c, linear active thermistor, mxdev, mxlab, seeval and the embedded control solutions company are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. analog-for-the-digital age, appl ication maestro, codeguard, dspicdem, dspicdem.net, dspicworks, dsspeak, ecan, economonitor, fansense, hi-tide, in-circuit serial programming, icsp, mindi, miwi, mpasm, mplab certified logo, mplib, mplink, mtouch, omniscient code generation, picc, picc-18, picdem, picdem.net, pickit, pictail, real ice, rflab, select mode, total endurance, tsharc, uniwindriver, wiperlock and zena are trademarks of microchip tec hnology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. sqtp is a service mark of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. all other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. ? 2011, microchip technology incorporated, printed in the u.s.a., all rights reserved. printed on recycled paper. isbn: 978-1-61341-002-8 note the following details of the code protection feature on microchip devices: ? microchip products meet the specification cont ained in their particular microchip data sheet. ? microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used i n the intended manner and under normal conditions. ? there are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. all of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the microchip produc ts in a manner outside the operating specif ications contained in microchip?s data sheets. most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. ? microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. ? neither microchip nor any other semiconduc tor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as ?unbreakable.? code protection is constantly evolving. we at microchip are co mmitted to continuously improvin g the code protection features of our products. attempts to break microchip?s code protection feature may be a violation of the digital millennium copyright act. if such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that act. microchip received iso/ts-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in chandler and tempe, arizona; gresham, oregon and design centers in california and india. the company?s quality system processes and procedures are for its pic ? mcus and dspic ? dscs, k ee l oq ? code hopping devices, serial eeproms, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. in addition, microchip?s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is iso 9001:2000 certified.
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